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Tekst geschreven door Dhr. Willy Vandenbussche
als inleiding van het boek - JAN DE VLIEGHER, PAINTINGS 2004-2009',
uitgegeven door uitgeverij Snoeck, Gent. ISBN : 978-90-5349-754-8.
| English version (Nederlandse versie / version Français) Art is a reality in itself and therefore has a raison d'être of its own, independent of the actual reality of existence. The existence of the artist may transcend the authenticity of existence. And in the case of Jan De Vliegher this is the lightness of being. However, De Vliegher strives for a radical broadening of the image, in search of pictorial abstraction intrinsic to painting in itself, such as the paint itself, the touch, brushstrokes or gestures. He lets the pictorial way of expression transcend the content. His work is a continuum of painting as a means of expression and is in line with the impressionism of Lovis Corinth because of its ecstatic expressive character. He is continuously looking for remarkable visual experiences which he concentrates around a particular theme. He seizes this theme as the perfect opportunity to show a pure visual delight that stems from a seeming lack of pictorial consistency. However, De Vliegher is a master at manipulating conventional systems to represent pictorial space, not based on rules, but arisen in the search itself for convincing images. The painting balances on the verge of visual chaos from which he nevertheless distils an original illusionism. He constantly reformulates visual impulses directly in the paint. This results in the creation of self-generating painting techniques in rudimentary colours with light as a material substance. By painting the same subject over and over again, and by developing it into series, he wants to follow the example of artists such as Paul Cézanne and capture reality as a reality, aware, like Giorgio Morandi for example, that the perceptible world is subject to constant change. In its own way, his work is a tribute to retinal painting, which was considered obsolete for the first time in art history by Marcel Duchamp in 1914, and which was declared fundamentally wrong by post-dada, pop art and conceptual artists, especially after WW II. De Vliegher is constantly trying to prove the contrary by converting the physical world into a pictorial one. In this manner De Vliegher develops subjective interpretations of the observations he admires, with references to a romantic sense of life. However, he distances himself from nineteenth-century Romanticism by giving them a plastic identity, purely arisen from a pictorial desire and even necessity. In the process, he remains dependent on the immediate formulation of the subjects and a quick approach. He paints using light and paint; the latter acquires an ample light quality and becomes an abstracting factor in the fixation of the image. A lick of paint, a touch, a broad brushstroke or a short one transform the creation of an image into an abstract sum of perceptions. He knows exactly how to delineate an effect of light or darkness with a particular brush technique, or how to suggest a specific material. The thick paint texture also gives it a sensual touch. De Vliegher is a baroque painter. He continues the painting tradition of the seventeenth century with figures such as Peter Paul Rubens and Jacob Jordaens in Flanders, Francisco Goya and Diego Velazquez in Spain, Titian in Italy or Rembrandt in Holland. His range of observation is elsewhere, however, namely in the realm of the reality that surrounds us. With a colour range of his own, he easily and actively bends the perceived environment to his will. We are invited to participate in his way of perceiving and become witnesses of his observations. Every work is the result of many works that came into being in series. For each work there is a right moment and that moment is captured at the right time. Every work generates another one and so he continues until the theme is exhausted and the passion has disappeared. They represent a great deal of variations on one and the same theme. We see how life and the absence thereof take shape simultaneously. He does not really paint images of topical subjects. It is not his aim to give testimony of his time. No projection of images; because of his specific way of painting, the image becomes something else than what is seen or observed. The painter abandons the image of observation, as it were, by his free manner of painting. The images literally acquire a physical ‘existence as a painting’ and yet they retain their own sovereignty, reflected in a peculiar oil paint palette. The retinal image can never really be seen either, since it is constantly subject to change. Photography makes the image stand still so as to be able to view it better, but we need to stop time to watch the image. The camera captures the image and stops it, so that we can see it ‘in a different light’. We can look at the image for as long as we want, scan it without any risk that it will move or hide from view. Photography forces the image to remain the same while painting adds the tactility of paint to make the image tangible. The primary aspect of paint matter together with the free movements of the hand that guides the matter, make the painting tangible not only to the eye but also to the other senses. All these small irregularities, to put it this way, make the difference between pure observation and photographic observation, which acquires a different truth in painting. At the end of the nineteenth century, Edgar Degas already pointed out to his contemporaries that photography had changed the way in which the world was viewed and would change it even more in the future. He was firmly convinced painting had to change as well, if it was to keep its place besides photography. This would happen radically in the course of the twentieth century, as a result of which painting often had a hard time of it and eventually photography acquired an autonomous place in the visual arts too, besides video, film and the internet. Painting has increasingly become a mixed marriage within the digitalised media landscape and therefore its position is stronger than ever. Painting was able to effect Degas’ lesson by making use of the potential of possibilities reinforced with the new technological viewing tools. Whereas the competition between painting and photography at the end of the nineteenth century resulted in the use of photography as an aid in painting being obscured and even ignored, nowadays exactly this affinity is clearly highlighted and propagated. At the same time painting has become the medium par excellence to escape from the purely retinal play of pixels. Contrary to photorealism in the 1970s, also known as Hyperrealism, which copied reality literally from photographs and was abandoned in the age of minimalism and conceptualism, a new kind of painting manifested itself at the end of the 1970s which consciously reacted against minimalisation and conceptualisation. Painting was able to resolutely withdraw from the authority of the minimalist and conceptualist schools of art by actively ‘painting itself free’. It was Max Ernst who in 1982 called these exuberant painters ‘Neue Wilden’ ("new savages") and who brought them together under the term ’Hunger nach Bilder’ ("hunger for images"). At that time, this approach applied to many artists in Germany and Italy (Transavanguardia), but in Belgium too, many artists kept on painting enthusiastically or started to satisfy their hunger for images. Images were evoked to literally highlight them in paint. Figuration again became the point of departure. Painting in itself also received some incentives from fundamental painting (Robert Ryman), in which the elementary aspects of painting were exposed and reflected. Omission rather than addition of elements broadens the pictorial subject. This alienating aspect systematically played an innovative role in Raveel‘s New Vision, but also in the following minimalist tendencies like the ones we see in Raoul De Keyser’s oeuvre, which permitted him to carve his own way, independent of Raveel‘s New Vision. He only claimed pictoriality as such, with an intense level of abstraction, contrary to the exuberant and narrative works of Fred Bervoets, who is indeed younger and whose oeuvre approached the postmodern reinterpretation of reality and the expressionist range of ideas which many painters in the 1980s also took as their point of departure. The recuperation of images also characterised postmodern painting and thinking within a culture of quotation eagerly used by Jan Fabre through multimedia tools. Meanwhile, the ‘appropriation' was disconnected from the narrative context and the choice fell on the principles of inertia of representation (Eric Fischl). This deceleration process in the style of Hitchcock, the master of suspense, combined with minimalisation of the subject, is currently very popular among many young painters to reach a visual alienation from reality and is based on the cinematographic principles that can be found in Eduard Hopper’s paintings. This alienation gradually became a guiding factor for a younger generation preceded by Luc Tuymans. He introduced the deceleration process, which enabled him to make the image almost disappear and retain only the memory in the belief that the image itself could never be sufficiently depicted by the painter. De Vliegher does not just paint social reality as the Neue Wilden did in the 1980s. Nor does he use a postmodern vision of the past or the everyday (mainly political) reality, but he paints a purely emotional view on his world, what he sees and has seen. Sometimes this is reflected in close-up amorphous images, flowingly and euphorically depicted with a loose brush technique. He increases the pace of painting, just like the abstract expressionist Willem De Kooning, who also put directness of painting first. In a similar direct manner, De Vliegher will create abstraction in the figuration and capture it in the paint. His paintings only exude what they represent: enthusiasm. The paint, the touch and the brush technique lend lustre to his paintings. Colour becomes the derivative of reality, light is the general eye-catcher that captures the image. He constructs, manipulates and concretizes this image according to his own feeling. His subjects do not evoke any human or social problems; his only problem is finding pictorial solutions, something he apparently deals with without difficulties. De Vliegher paints in a suggestive manner as well, but never arouses the feeling something is about to happen. All effects of surprise are consciously avoided so as not to hamper the pictorial joy. All forms of anecdote are shunned as well by disconnecting standardised motives from reality. The serial nature of working in sequences around the same theme is essentially an elimination process of all things standardised and canonised in reality. Each painting thus gets a fresh start every time. By emphasizing the painting method, he introduces a radical abstraction that erodes the inalterability of the image. To be able to work, he needs to seclude himself and shut himself in his studio so as not to lose his concentration. He needs to be able to complete the painting almost in one go once he has reached intense concentration and has made deliberate choices almost unconsciously by selecting the right colour, striking the right note, bringing about the right incidence of light. At that moment there is a physical field of tension, so to speak, where the hand follows the watching eye. This watching is of primordial importance to clearly see and represent things. De Vliegher paints as he breathes: in an unceasingly vital and rhythmic way, at the same time driven by the power of the passion for painting. As regards content, De Vliegher’s work is based on visual perception .He thoroughly documents himself by means of photography on the visual material he wishes to appropriate. Contrary to his direct way of painting, he lists his subjects, catalogues them and arranges them according to theme. Every time he captures a theme through a digital camera, he will select and manipulate by means of the Photoshop program. He mainly does this by blowing up details of the images or by reducing them. This process is necessary to reach the eventual pictorial solutions in which paint does its work and colour becomes a derivative of reality. Light is the overall vector that constitutes the image. His work is no superficial, decorative painting, nor is it etherealized imagery or profound, visionary art. De Vliegher registers visual beauty and places it in a pictorial space. He does not want any imitation, but fragments, reduces, leaves out certain parts to bring out other ones; he creates gaps the spectator can fill in and he brings about perspectival shifts that reinforce the image. In the end, once he has selected the subject, all he needs to paint is a brush, canvas and paint. Only the pictorial presence of the depiction, accomplished through self-generating painting techniques, is of interest to him. The facture acquires a typical appearance determined by the local colour, which is boosted or curbed in accordance with the angle of incidence of light. There is no colour change, but rather colour expression as a result of which the object in itself acquires great affective value. Especially in the use of the background that does not function as a setting, the expressiveness of colour is reinforced or toned down. Only the subjective colour values are supported and serve as connecting components. The larger motives are thus connected pictorially without submerging in one another. In all, every work is a highly reduced composition as to shape, colour, style and texture. The formal language is set in motion in a gestural, masterly manner, and loosely delineated on a two-dimensional flat surface. Holding his brush loosely, he bends everything to his will and compels the physical reality into a pictorial reality. He constantly reformulates the visual perception directly in paint. Thus visual delights appear that seemingly stem from a lack of pictorial consistency, but in reality come from manipulation of conventional systems. The pictorial dimension thus accomplished is not based on rules, but came into being during the development of convincing images. Every painting seems to balance on the edge of chaos, but on closer examination everything is very well-balanced. He reduces the world until the image becomes a world on its own. The relationship with the photographic model is completely abandoned through expressivity of paint, intense use of colour and effects of light. A world of a reality reduced to images is shaped with its own pictorial identity. Every theme he deals with has its own typical approach. His seascapes are grand and panoramic in representation while the water in the surf appears transparent and dynamic. His terraces are constructed and composed geometrically with serial colour accents and mostly observed from the sky, as well as his squares and other places. The human presence is negligible and mostly reduced to colour accents in monochrome backgrounds such as beaches. When he paints treasuries, he usually enlarges details, and the plates in the showcases get monumental attention while the glassware glitters in the light. When he depicts the rooms themselves, he does this with masterly virtuosity in which the light, the prevailing baroque experience, becomes a delight. Windows are vectors of light and give us an insight in the architectural setting. He reconstructs the complete architectural representation he paints, by adding fictional elements or by leaving out elements. By using shifts, he generates a perspective that differs from reality. The link with the actual reality is retained, yet it acquires a modified archetypical character. His most recent paintings are the result of an ever greater loose painting method and sense of monumentality. They have become great displays of pictorial approaches. The torsos on shelves or the white marble sculptures in gardens are dynamic models with surprising stability. The light closely connects all unalterable elements and is reflected copiously in the paint substance widely spread out against a layered background with a strong depth effect. In this overview of five years of painting, it is clear that Jan De Vliegher only needs a brush and paint to delight us without much storytelling or boasting. Willy Van den Bussche |